Murder, Modernity, and Myth: H. H. Holmes and the Dark Memory of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition
Abstract This article examines H. H. Holmes and his association with the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition through the intersecting lenses of urban modernity, crime history, mass media, and historical memory. Rather than treating the exposition simply as the backdrop for the so-called White City murders, this study examines how the rapidly changing physical, cultural, and bureaucratic landscape of Gilded Age Chicago created opportunities for anonymity, mobility, fraud, and crime. It also distinguishes between documented aspects of Holmes’s criminal career and the sensational mythology that developed around his infamous building and alleged victims. Drawing upon contemporary newspaper coverage, court records from People v. Mudgett (1895), Holmes’s published confession, and subsequent interpretations, the article argues that Holmes became the dark mirror of the White City. While the exposition celebrated rational planning, technological innovation, economic progress, and American modern...