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Showing posts from February, 2026

Bass Reeves and the Enforcement of Federal Authority in the Indian Territory, 1875–1907

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  image AI generated Bass Reeves and the Enforcement of Federal Authority in the Indian Territory, 1875–1907 David Buie College History Professor | Historian of Reconstruction, Memory & American Conflict | Dual Credit & Higher Education Instructor | Writer | Curriculum developer February 22, 2026 By David Buie Introduction: Law, Race, and the Gilded Age Frontier The American West during the Gilded Age has long occupied a mythical place in national memory. Popular imagination reduces it to a binary struggle between outlaw and lawman, civilization and savagery. Yet the historical West was far more complex. It was a contested political space shaped by federal expansion, tribal sovereignty, racial conflict, and the legal ambiguities of Reconstruction’s aftermath. Within that contested world stood Bass Reeves, one of the most formidable deputy United States marshals to serve in the Indian Territory. Reeves’s career forces us to reconsider several dominant narratives. First, the...

Service, Citizenship, and Contradiction: African Americans and the United States Military

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  Service, Citizenship, and Contradiction: African Americans and the United States Military David Buie College History Professor | Historian of Reconstruction, Memory & American Conflict | Dual Credit & Higher Education Instructor | Writer | Curriculum developer February 12, 2026 The relationship between African Americans and the United States military has long been defined by contradiction. Military service has repeatedly offered African Americans a pathway toward citizenship, economic opportunity, and political legitimacy, even as the state has consistently resisted the full realization of those claims. Across American history, the armed forces have functioned both as an instrument of racial control and, at critical moments, as a catalyst for social change. African Americans have participated in American wars since the colonial period, yet their service was shaped from the outset by coercion and exclusion. The American military emerged as a central arm of state power desi...

Walter White, the NAACP, and the Long Struggle Against Lynching in the United States

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  Walter White, the NAACP, and the Long Struggle Against Lynching in the United States David Buie College History Professor | Historian of Reconstruction, Memory & American Conflict | Dual Credit & Higher Education Instructor | Writer | Curriculum developer February 7, 2026 Walter White, the NAACP, and the Long Struggle Against Lynching in the United States Lynching was not merely a form of extralegal violence. It was a system of racial control that operated with the tacit approval of local authorities, the complicity of the press, and the silence or indifference of the federal government. From the late nineteenth century through the interwar years, lynching functioned as a public spectacle meant to terrorize African Americans, enforce racial hierarchy, and foreclose meaningful citizenship. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People emerged as the most sustained and organized institutional challenge to this violence. At the center of that struggle stood ...